SOME NEW TYPE OF DIFFERENCE SEQUENCE SPACES DEFINED BY MODULUS FUNCTION AND STATISTICAL CONVERGENCE

In this article we introduce the difference sequence spaces W 0 [f,Δm ],W 1 [f,Δm ],W∞[f,Δm ] and S[f,Δm ],defined by a modulus function f.We obtain a relation between W 1 [f,Δm ] ∩l∞[f,Δm ] and S[f,Δm ] ∩l∞[f,Δm ] and prove some inclusion results.     

Necessary and sufficient conditions for the boundedness of rough B-fractional integral operators in the Lorentz spaces

In this paper, the necessary and sufficient conditions are found for the boundedness of the rough B-fractional integral operators from the Lorentz spaces Lp,s,γ to Lq,r,γ, 1<p<q<∞, 1?r?s?∞, and from L1,r,γ to Lq,∞,γ≡WLq,γ, 1<q<∞, 1?r?∞. As a consequence of this, the same results are given for the fractional B-maximal operator and B-Riesz potential.     

Exact solutions of some systems of fractional differential‐difference equations

In this paper, the ‐expansion method is proposed to establish hyperbolic and trigonometric function solutions for fractional differential‐difference equations with the modified Riemann–Liouville derivative. The fractional complex transform is proposed to convert a fractional partial differential‐difference equation into its differential‐difference equation of integer order. We obtain the hyperbolic and periodic function solutions of the nonlinear time‐fractional Toda lattice equations and relativistic Toda lattice system. The proposed method is more effective and powerful for obtaining exact solutions for nonlinear fractional differential–difference equations and systems. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Determination of Dimenhydrinate Nasal Delivery System in the Blood by RP-LC

Dimenhydrinate (DM) is used therapeutically for the prevention of motion sickness associated with nausea and vomiting. The aim of this investigation is the development of a new, rapid, sensitive, simple and fully validated RP-LC procedure for the suitable assay of DM in pharmaceutical formulation applied in blood samples. The method was validated before the amount determination studies in order to confirm linearity, precision, accuracy, selectivity, determination and quantification limit and consistency. High determination coefficient (r ²  = 0.998) of the standard curve drawn in the linearity studies showed that the line equation can be used in the quantification of the DM. Literature was reviewed for the methods based on diphenhydramine (DIP), its metabolite dimenhydrinate, in the in vivo determination of dimenhydrinate amount. The most appropriate method to be used in LC was decided to be the method applied by benefitting from the fluorescence characteristic of DIP. Maximum excitation and emission wavelengths in the developed method were scanned using multiple wavelengths and, maximum excitation and emission wavelengths were found to be 215 and 300 nm, respectively. In the validation study used to prove validity of the method, determination coefficient of the developed standard curve was calculated as 0.998 (RSD %), and line equation was concluded to be appropriate for use in amount determination studies. BBS % (1.06, 1.84 %) values obtained as “<2 %” in the intra-day and inter-day precision studies proved the precision of the method. Selectivity study revealed that other materials used in the formulation did not exhibit absorbance in the same wavelengths. Detection and quantification limit were found as 1 and 5 ng mL^?1, respectively. The determination of DM plasma concentrations using the proposed and fully validated LC assay has allowed us to characterize DMPK in the sheep, as well as determine DM relative bioavailability.     

Fluorescent Arylphosphonic Acids: Synergic Interactions between Bone and the Fluorescent Core

Herein, we report the third generation of fluorescent probes (arylphosphonic acids) to target calcifications, particularly hydroxyapatite (HAP). In this study, we use highly conjugated porphyrin-based arylphosphonic acids and their diesters, namely 5,10,15,20-tetrakis[m-(diethoxyphosphoryl)phenyl]porphyrin ( m -H₈TPPA-OEt₈ ) and 5,10,15,20-tetrakis [m-phenylphosphonic acid]porphyrin ( m -H₈TPPA ), in comparison with their positional isomers 5,10,15,20-tetrakis[p-(diisopropoxyphosphoryl)phenyl]porphyrin ( p -H₈TPPA-iPr₈ ) and 5,10,15,20-tetrakis [p-phenylphosphonic acid]porphyrin ( p -H₈TPPA ), which have phosphonic acid units bonded to sp² carbon atoms of the fluorescent core. The conjugation of the fluorescent core is thus extended to the (HAP) through sp²-bonded −PO₃H₂ units, which generates increased fluorescence upon HAP binding. The resulting fluorescent probes are highly sensitive towards the HAP in rat bone sections. The designed probes are readily taken up by cells. Due to the lower reported toxicity of ( p -H₈TPPA ), these probes could find applications in monitoring bone resorption or adsorption, or imaging vascular or soft tissue calcifications for breast cancer diagnosis etc.     

Benzaldehyde lyase catalyzed enantioselective self and cross condensation reactions of acetaldehyde derivatives

Flexible protected 1,3,4-trihydroxy-2-butanone is synthesized in high enantiomeric excesses by using asymmetric homo- and cross- acyloin coupling of aliphatic aldehydes catalyzed by benzaldehyde lyase.     

Crack insertion,meshing and fracture analysis of structures using tetrahedral finite elements

In this study, a method and corresponding tools are presented to insert a three-dimensional crack of a given size and location into a finite element model without any cracks using fully unstructured finite elements. For research purposes, publicly available two and three-dimensional meshing software, Triangle^© and Tetgen^©, are utilized and integrated with an in-house developed program to compatibly select and re-mesh the three-dimensional crack region of the original input model. Within the procedure, the boundary conditions and loads existing on the original model are also book kept and transferred to the new model containing the crack. Next, the new finite element model, which now contains the crack geometry, the loads and boundary conditions, is solved in a general-purpose finite element program employing enriched elements. The above procedure is demonstrated on a series of surface crack problems in finite-thickness plates including mixed-mode fracture conditions. The obtained results are compared to well-known solutions available in the literature. These comparisons showed good agreement for all cases analyzed. It is, therefore, concluded that the procedure developed is valid, efficient and yields accurate three-dimensional fracture solutions.     

A comparative study between LMS and PSO algorithms on the optical channel estimation for radio over fiber systems

In this paper the particle swarm optimization (PSO) and least mean square (LMS) algorithms are comparatively studied to estimate the optical communication channel parameters for radio over fiber systems. It is observed that especially in low noise one tap optical channels, the convergence of LMS algorithm is approximately same with PSO algorithm. On the other hand, as a communication medium, selecting high noisy fiber optical channels or free space optical channels; PSO reaches better mean square error values. The computational complexity which is one of the most important features for optimization algorithms has also been taken into account.     

The choice property in tame expansions of o-minimal structures

We establish the choice property, a weak analogue of definable choice, for certain tame expansions of o-minimal structures. Most noteworthily, this property holds for dense pairs of real closed fields, as well as for expansions of o-minimal structures by a dense independent set.